What are the side effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

The most common side effect is barotrauma, usually rupture or irritation of the eardrum. Rarer, more serious risks include a collapsed lung, burst small vessels, ear damage, oxygen seizures, fluid in the lungs, bleeding, and, at the catastrophic end, chamber fires.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can help some wounds heal faster. It also has side effects and risks, and it’s worth knowing them plainly.

The most common complication is barotrauma. This is injury caused by gases expanding in a confined space. The most common form is rupture or irritation of the eardrum.

Other, more serious injuries include pneumothorax (a collapsed lung), rupture of small blood vessels, and damage to the inner, middle and outer ear canals. More serious hazards include oxygen seizures, convulsions, fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema) and bleeding (hemorrhage). Chamber fires and explosions are catastrophic complications.

This is a list of what can happen, not a list of what is likely. Barotrauma is the most common. The rest range from more serious to catastrophic, and there’s no figure here for how often any of them happens.

One of these risks is managed during every session. Sessions include two ten-minute oxygen breaks to prevent oxygen seizures, so a guard against one of the hazards is built into the treatment itself.

Ear injuries are the most common, so they’re the ones most worth asking about beforehand. Ask what is done about equalizing pressure during a session and what you should report afterward.

What to watch for

The most common complication is barotrauma, most often rupture or irritation of the eardrum.

The oxygen breaks built into each session are there to prevent oxygen seizures.

There’s no figure here for how often any of these happen. Before you start, it’s reasonable to ask the unit how common each one is and what they do about ear pressure during a session.

Ear pain, hearing changes, or breathlessness after a session are worth reporting to the unit rather than waiting for the next appointment.

Wound Wizard is general education and can’t assess your risk. The unit providing the treatment is the right one to ask.

What we look at

  • Assessing whether the therapy is appropriate for you
  • Checking for conditions that raise the risk
  • Explaining the risks before a course begins
  • Monitoring during and between sessions

Sources

  1. Hyperbaric Therapy for Wound Healing — StatPearls, National Library of Medicine https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459172/
  2. Wound care centers — MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000739.htm